A New York research institute paid a fine close to 4 million dollars for a breach of research data,…

A New York research institute paid a fine close to 4 million dollars for a breach of research data, including 13,000 participants’ full names, addresses, dates of birth, medical diagnoses, laboratory test results, prescribed medications, medical study particulars, and social security numbers. The breach occurred when an unencrypted laptop was left in full view on the backseat of an employee’s automobile and was stolen. Another research center, this time in Texas, suffered a similar fine and breach.Unencrypted data for 33,500 research patients were exposed when an unencrypted laptop and two flash drives were stolen. What violations led to fines for research institutes in New York and Texas due to breaches of research data, as outlined in the scenario?(a) Failure to update software systems regularly.(b) Lack of coordination between different departments.(c) Absence of technical safeguards and encryption measures.(d) Insufficient employee training on data protection protocols.