According to Boli and Thomas, five basic world-cultural principles underlie INGO ideologies and structures. Match each of these five with its best definition.
Group of answer choicesHumans everywhere have similar needs and desires, can act in accordance with common principles of authority and action, and share common goals. Human nature, agency, and purpose are thematically interconnected, and this commonality underlies the many variations in social forms. Most INGOs are explicit about this – any interested person can become an active member, and everyone everywhere is a potential beneficiary of INGO activity. The purposes and actions of organizations should not be limited by borders.[ Choose ]
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rational dialectics of gendered power
rational voluntaristic authority
universalism
individualism
world citizenship
mobilization of Global South actors and institutions
cultural relativism
Most INGOs accept as members only one-by-one; the main exceptions are trade and industry bodies, which often have firms as members. INGOs tend to use democratic, one-person– one-vote decision-making procedures, they assess fees on discrete members, and they downplay national and other corporate identities in their conferences and publications. In the world-view embodied by INGOs, collectivities are essentially assemblages of “real” actors as people.[ Choose ]
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— select —
rational dialectics of gendered power
rational voluntaristic authority
universalism
individualism
world citizenship
mobilization of Global South actors and institutions
cultural relativism
INGOs activate a particular cultural model when they organize globally, debate principles and models, and attempt to influence other actors. This model holds that responsible individuals acting collectively through metered procedures can determine cultural rules that are just, equitable, and efficient, and that no external power is required for their legitimation.[ Choose ]
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— select —
rational dialectics of gendered power
rational voluntaristic authority
universalism
individualism
world citizenship
mobilization of Global South actors and institutions
cultural relativism
Everyone is an individual endowed with certain rights and subject to certain obligations; everyone is capable of free actions that seek logical solutions to social problems; therefore, everyone is a citizen of the global polity. Each individual should have the power to pursue particularistic interests, preferably in organizations, while also allowing individuals to promote collective goods defined in largely standardized ways that are egalitarian.
Choose an answer:
— select —
rational dialectics of gendered power
rational voluntaristic authority
universalism
individualism
world citizenship
mobilization of Global South actors and institutions
cultural relativism
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