Peter Drucker was a 20th-century socialist who opposed capitalism and believed that managers were…

➤ When did Drucker critique managerial bureaucracy and what alternatives did he recommend?
Across the mid and late 20th century, Drucker warned that large bureaucracies stifle initiative and innovation. He recommended decentralization, clear objectives, responsibility for results, and empowerment of knowledge workers. He also urged customer focus, entrepreneurial thinking, and continuous performance review as practical alternatives.