1. IV solutions used in medical settings for patients contain 0.9% saline (NaCl) solution. Based on…

➤ How does 0.9% saline compare to blood plasma sodium and osmolarity?
0.9% saline is roughly isotonic but has higher chloride and slightly more sodium than typical plasma sodium (154 versus 135–145 mEq/L). Plasma osmolality usually ranges 275–295 mOsm/kg, while 0.9% saline is about 308 mOsm/L. Those composition differences can affect acid–base balance and fluid choice clinically.