Describe 3 factors that contribute to the development of pressure ulcers/wounds . List at least one intervention for each factor to help decrease the risk of wound development.
Prolonged pressure
Description: Continuous pressure over bony prominences reduces blood flow, causing tissue ischemia and necrosis.
Intervention: Reposition the person at regular intervals (for example, every 2 hours), and use pressure-redistribution surfaces such as specialized mattresses and cushions.
Shear and friction
Description: Sliding or dragging the skin over surfaces (shear) and rubbing (friction) damage the superficial and deeper tissues, increasing ulcer risk.
Intervention: Use lift devices or draw sheets to move patients rather than dragging; maintain proper positioning and keep the head-of-bed at the lowest safe angle to reduce shear.
Moisture and incontinence
Description: Prolonged exposure to urine, stool, sweat, or wound exudate leads to skin maceration and increased susceptibility to breakdown.
Intervention: Implement timely skin cleansing and drying, use absorbent products and barrier creams, and manage incontinence with scheduled toileting or containment systems.
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