Constipation may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT a. Low-fiber diet b. Physical inactivity…

➤ How do opioid medications cause constipation?
Opioids bind mu-receptors in the gut and slow intestinal motility. They reduce peristalsis, increase fluid absorption, and raise anal sphincter tone. This combination forms firmer, less frequent stools and makes evacuation difficult. Patients on opioids often need preventive measures like fiber, fluids, activity, or prescribed laxatives.