The act of watching process is being performed is a powerful tool to gain insight into the as is…

➤ How does observation compare to questionnaires and interviews for studying the “as‑is” system?
Observation captures actual behavior and process flow rather than reported or recalled actions. Questionnaires and interviews collect perceptions, opinions, and rationale that help explain why things happen. Combining methods provides triangulation: observation shows what occurs, interviews explain motives, and questionnaires gather broader trends across users or departments.