Category: Management

“I am thinking about decentralizing, allowing employees lower in the organization to make more decisions. When does decentralizing usually make sense?” Check all that apply.

➤ Are there tax consequences when exercising stock options?
Yes. Tax treatment depends on option type. Non‑qualified options create ordinary income on the spread at exercise. Incentive stock options can defer ordinary tax but may trigger alternative minimum tax and lead to capital gains or losses upon sale. Holding periods determine short‑ or long‑term capital gains rates.

4-pointTrue or False: The attractiveness of a middle management role is that Middle Managers only need to communicate with Top Managers such as CEOs and Presidents.TrueFalse

3. How is brand equity measured?
Measure brand equity using both market-based and customer-based metrics. Track brand awareness, associations, perceived quality, and loyalty through surveys and NPS. Add financial measures like price premium, market share, and brand contribution to profit. Combine qualitative insights, analytics, and periodic brand valuation for a complete, actionable assessment.