Assignment Prompt & Instructions
SEE ATTACHED
**files (9)**
– ## EBSCO-FullText-03_27_2026.pdf
– ## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentInstructions.docx
– ## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentGuide.docx
– ## ResearchPaperGradingRubric.pdf
– EBSCO-FullText-03_27_20262.pdf
– CONTINUING_THE_SEARCH_FOR_A_TH.pdf
– Line-ItemObjectCodeBudgeting_26_03_27_10_49_11.pdf
– PlanningProgrammingBudgetingSystemPPBSFormat_26_03_27_10_49_42.pdf
– PerformanceBudgeting_26_03_27_10_50_44.pdf
**## EBSCO-FullText-03_27_2026.pdf**
Copyright of Public Administration Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be
copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
**## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentInstructions.docx**
PADM 702
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Instructions**
**Overview**
The public budgets match expenditures of assets and services with receipts of public money, such as taxes and fees
**.** If a budget does not balance, services need to be cut, taxes need to be raised, or money needs to be borrowed. Different budgeting formats allow for the review of revenues and expenditures.
**Instructions**
For this assignment
_you will analyze:_
· The Impact of the following three types of budgets:
· Impact of Line-Item Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· Impact of Program Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· Impact of Performance Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· The impact of two political, economic, and social constraints on the budgetary process
To successfully complete this assignment, please refer to the
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Guide.** _Using the outline is designed to clarify the assignment by breaking it into component parts so it can be dealt with systematically_. It will assure that the specifications of the assignment are met and will improve the quality of your report. A doctoral level course requires
_description and analysis_ **.** While descriptions certainly are the precursor to analyses, they are not the analyses.
The text of this research paper must be 8-10-pages (not including title page, reference page, and any appendices). This paper must be in current APA format with 1-inch margins and 12-pt Times New Roman font. You must also include a title page and reference page. You must include citations to a sufficient number of appropriate professional, scholarly, or other appropriate sources to fully support your assertions and conclusions (which will likely require more than the minimum number of citations); each paper must include a minimum of 5 sources, not including the course textbooks, assigned readings, and the Bible.
_Plagiarism in any form is strictly prohibited and may result in failure of the assignment, failure of the course, and/or removal from the program. It is your responsibility to ensure that you fully understand what constitutes the various forms of plagiarism and to avoid all forms of plagiarism._ As you may be aware, each report is automatically checked for plagiarism.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
**## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentGuide.docx**
PADM 702
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Guide**
**Outline**
Keep in mind that the budget is noun; it is a financial plan. Budgeting is a verb; iut is a process. Your analysis should address the impact (effect) on the process, not the impact on the plan (budget).
| |
| — |
| Use the <br>**bolded statements** as headings in your paper<br>**.** |
**I**.
**Executive Summary** (Limit to a page or less). It is not an introduction; it is a summary
of the findings. Write this section last.
| |
| — |
| An Executive Summary should:<br>· Summarize the impact of Line-Item Budgets, Program Budgets, and Performance Budgets on the budgetary process.<br>· Summarize the impact of the two selected constraints on the budgetary process. |
**II. Impacts of the Three Types of Budgets on the Budgetary Process**
·
**Impact of Line-Item Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact(advantages/disadvantages) line-item budgeting has on the budgeting process.
·
**Impact of Program Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact (advantages/disadvantages) program budgeting has on the budgeting process.
·
**Impact of Performance Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact (advantages/disadvantages) performance budgeting has on the budgeting process.
**III.** **Impact of Two Political and/or Economic Constraints on the Budgetary Process**
Address in depth
**two** of the following three
**constraints** listed below.
· Fiscal constraints.
· Economic constraints.
· Political constraints.
**Be specific**. You must specify exactly which constraining factor you are analyzing.
Fiscal constraints include factors such as monetary policy, supply-side policy, and money supply.
**If analyzing** fiscal
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
Economic constraints include wages, interest rates, inefficiencies within the micro-economy, a rapidly growing or declining population, lack of financial capital, lack of human capital, and trade barriers.
**If analyzing** economic
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
Political constraints include tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, technology, and disruptive innovations.
**If analyzing** political
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
**Use a heading for each of the two specific constraints you selected**. For example:
**Impact of Monetary Policy on the Budgetary Process.**
Each constraint impacts the budgetary process based on its intent, goals, objectives, etc. They cannot be treated as a single entity for analytical purposes.
| |
| — |
| _Using the outline is designed to clarify the assignment by breaking it into parts so it can be dealt with systematically_. It will assure that the assignment specifications are met and will improve the quality of your report. |
**## ResearchPaperGradingRubric.pdf**
Criteria Ratings Points
Content 60 to >53 pts
Advanced
• All key elements of the
assignment are covered
thoroughly and in a
substantive way. Student
provides a
well-researched, fully
developed analysis of
each element of the
assignment.
• Content is thoroughly,
comprehensively,
accurate, and exhibits a
nuanced rather than
superficial understanding
of the terms and
concepts assigned.
• Major points are stated
clearly and are supported
by appropriate
professional and
scholarly literature and/or
logic. Student employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and
evaluation of assigned
terms and concepts.
53 to >41 pts
Proficient
• Most key elements of
the assignment are
covered and in a
substantive way. Student
provides a mostly
developed analysis of
each element of the
assignment.
• Most content is
comprehensively,
accurate, and exhibits an
adequate understanding
of the terms and concepts
assigned.
• Most points are
adequately stated and are
supported by appropriate
professional and scholarly
literature and/or logic.
Student mostly employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and
evaluation of assigned
terms and concepts.
41 to >0 pts
Developing
• Inadequate coverage of
key elements of the
assignment. Student
inadequately provides an
analysis of each element of
the assignment.
• Content is inadequate
and not presented
comprehensively,
accurately, or with
adequate understanding of
the terms and concepts
assigned.
• Major points are
inadequately stated and
are not supported by
appropriate professional
and scholarly literature
and/or logic. Student
inadequately employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and evaluation
of assigned terms and
concepts.
0 pts
Not
Present
60 pts
Research 40 to >35 pts
Advanced
• Includes meaningful
and thorough use of
source material and
analytical reasoning to
elaborate upon the topics
or themes.
• Research is thorough
and timely for the topic.
• Thoroughly includes
the required quality and
quantity of cited sources
to support positions. The
context and purpose of
the writing is thorough
and clear.
35 to >27 pts
Proficient
• Mostly includes
meaningful and adequate
use of source material
and analytical reasoning
to elaborate upon the
topics or themes.
• Research is adequate
and timely for the topic.
• Adequately includes the
required quality and
quantity of cited sources
to support positions. The
context and purpose of
the writing is adequate
and clear.
27 to >0 pts
Developing
• Includes inadequate use
of source material and
applies very little analytical
reasoning to elaborate
upon the topics or themes.
• Research is inadequate
and not timely for the topic.
• Inadequately includes
cited sources to support
positions. The context and
purpose of the writing is
inadequate and vague.
0 pts
Not
Present
40 pts
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
Criteria Ratings Points
Development 15 to >13 pts
Advanced
• The introduction
provides sufficient and
thorough background on
the topic and previews
major points.
• Ideas flow in a logical
and thorough sequence.
• Paragraph transitions
are both present,
thorough, and logical,
and direct the flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is organized into
a discussion flowing
thoroughly from
concept/term to
concept/term and
includes sufficient
introductory, conclusory,
and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper, rather than mere a
list of terms.
13 to >10 pts
Proficient
• The introduction
provides sufficient and
adequate background on
the topic and previews
major points.
• Most ideas flow in a
logical and adequate
sequence.
• Paragraph transitions
are mostly present,
adequately and logically
directing the flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is mostly
organized into a
discussion flowing from
concept/term to
concept/term and
includes adequate
introductory, conclusory,
and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper, rather than mere a
list of terms.
10 to >0 pts
Developing
• The introduction
inadequately provides
background on the topic
and previews major points.
• Ideas do not flow in an
adequate sequence.
• Paragraph transitions are
inadequately presented
and lack a direct flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is not organized
into a discussion and
inadequately flows from
concept/term to
concept/term and presents
inadequate introductory,
conclusory, and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper.
0 pts
Not
Present
15 pts
Format &
APA
20 to >17 pts
Advanced
• The paper includes title
page, reference page.
• The reference page(s)
contain(s) complete,
properly formatted
citations in current APA
format for all support
utilized (at least 5
sources).
• The paper follows
current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is written in
12-pt Times New Roman
font and has 1” margins.
The work is original,
giving credit to all
borrowed ideas and
quotations.
17 to >13 pts
Proficient
• The paper includes title
page, reference page.
• The reference page(s)
contain(s) mostly
complete, properly
formatted citations in
current APA format for all
support utilized (at least 5
sources).
• The paper follows
current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is mostly
written in 12-pt Times
New Roman font and has
1” margins. The work is
mostly original, giving
credit to all borrowed
ideas.
13 to >0 pts
Developing
• The paper does not
include title page, reference
page.
• The reference page(s)
is/are incomplete,
improperly formatted
citations.
• The paper does not
follow current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is not written
in 12-pt Times New Roman
font and lacks 1” margins.
The work is not original and
lacks giving credit to all
borrowed ideas.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
Criteria Ratings Points
Grammar &
Spelling
20 to >17 pts
Advanced
• Rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation
are followed.
• Spelling is correct.
• Sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise.
• Sentences are
well-constructed with
consistently strong and
varied structure.
• Sentence transitions
are present and direct the
flow of thought.
• Words used are precise
and unambiguous.
• The paper employs
authoritative, persuasive,
statesmanlike voice.
17 to >13 pts
Proficient
• Most rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation
are followed.
• Most spelling is correct.
• Most sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise.
• Most sentences are
well-constructed with
consistently strong and
varied structure.
• Most sentence
transitions are present
and direct the flow of
thought.
• Most words used are
precise and
unambiguous.
• The paper mostly
employs authoritative,
persuasive, statesmanlike
voice.
13 to >0 pts
Developing
• Rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation are
inadequately followed.
• Major spelling errors exist
throughout.
• Many sentences are
incomplete, unclear, and
are not concise.
• Many sentences are
poorly-constructed and lack
strong and varied structure.
• Few sentence transitions
are present.
• Many words used are
ambiguous.
• The paper poorly
employs authoritative,
persuasive, statesmanlike
voice.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Page Length 10 to >8 pts
Advanced
8-10 double-spaced
pages of content (not
including title page,
reference page[s], and
any appendices).
8 to >6 pts
Proficient
One page less than the
required page length.
6 to >0 pts
Developing
More than one page less
than the required page
length.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Total Points: 165
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
**EBSCO-FullText-03_27_20262.pdf**
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**CONTINUING_THE_SEARCH_FOR_A_TH.pdf**
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**Line-ItemObjectCodeBudgeting_26_03_27_10_49_11.pdf**
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**PlanningProgrammingBudgetingSystemPPBSFormat_26_03_27_10_49_42.pdf**
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**PerformanceBudgeting_26_03_27_10_50_44.pdf**
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**PerformanceBudgeting_26_03_27_10_50_44.pdf**
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**## EBSCO-FullText-03_27_2026.pdf**
Copyright of Public Administration Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be
copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
**## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentInstructions.docx**
PADM 702
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Instructions**
**Overview**
The public budgets match expenditures of assets and services with receipts of public money, such as taxes and fees
**.** If a budget does not balance, services need to be cut, taxes need to be raised, or money needs to be borrowed. Different budgeting formats allow for the review of revenues and expenditures.
**Instructions**
For this assignment
_you will analyze:_
· The Impact of the following three types of budgets:
· Impact of Line-Item Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· Impact of Program Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· Impact of Performance Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· The impact of two political, economic, and social constraints on the budgetary process
To successfully complete this assignment, please refer to the
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Guide.** _Using the outline is designed to clarify the assignment by breaking it into component parts so it can be dealt with systematically_. It will assure that the specifications of the assignment are met and will improve the quality of your report. A doctoral level course requires
_description and analysis_ **.** While descriptions certainly are the precursor to analyses, they are not the analyses.
The text of this research paper must be 8-10-pages (not including title page, reference page, and any appendices). This paper must be in current APA format with 1-inch margins and 12-pt Times New Roman font. You must also include a title page and reference page. You must include citations to a sufficient number of appropriate professional, scholarly, or other appropriate sources to fully support your assertions and conclusions (which will likely require more than the minimum number of citations); each paper must include a minimum of 5 sources, not including the course textbooks, assigned readings, and the Bible.
_Plagiarism in any form is strictly prohibited and may result in failure of the assignment, failure of the course, and/or removal from the program. It is your responsibility to ensure that you fully understand what constitutes the various forms of plagiarism and to avoid all forms of plagiarism._ As you may be aware, each report is automatically checked for plagiarism.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
**## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentGuide.docx**
PADM 702
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Guide**
**Outline**
Keep in mind that the budget is noun; it is a financial plan. Budgeting is a verb; iut is a process. Your analysis should address the impact (effect) on the process, not the impact on the plan (budget).
| |
| — |
| Use the <br>**bolded statements** as headings in your paper<br>**.** |
**I**.
**Executive Summary** (Limit to a page or less). It is not an introduction; it is a summary
of the findings. Write this section last.
| |
| — |
| An Executive Summary should:<br>· Summarize the impact of Line-Item Budgets, Program Budgets, and Performance Budgets on the budgetary process.<br>· Summarize the impact of the two selected constraints on the budgetary process. |
**II. Impacts of the Three Types of Budgets on the Budgetary Process**
·
**Impact of Line-Item Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact(advantages/disadvantages) line-item budgeting has on the budgeting process.
·
**Impact of Program Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact (advantages/disadvantages) program budgeting has on the budgeting process.
·
**Impact of Performance Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact (advantages/disadvantages) performance budgeting has on the budgeting process.
**III.** **Impact of Two Political and/or Economic Constraints on the Budgetary Process**
Address in depth
**two** of the following three
**constraints** listed below.
· Fiscal constraints.
· Economic constraints.
· Political constraints.
**Be specific**. You must specify exactly which constraining factor you are analyzing.
Fiscal constraints include factors such as monetary policy, supply-side policy, and money supply.
**If analyzing** fiscal
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
Economic constraints include wages, interest rates, inefficiencies within the micro-economy, a rapidly growing or declining population, lack of financial capital, lack of human capital, and trade barriers.
**If analyzing** economic
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
Political constraints include tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, technology, and disruptive innovations.
**If analyzing** political
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
**Use a heading for each of the two specific constraints you selected**. For example:
**Impact of Monetary Policy on the Budgetary Process.**
Each constraint impacts the budgetary process based on its intent, goals, objectives, etc. They cannot be treated as a single entity for analytical purposes.
| |
| — |
| _Using the outline is designed to clarify the assignment by breaking it into parts so it can be dealt with systematically_. It will assure that the assignment specifications are met and will improve the quality of your report. |
**## ResearchPaperGradingRubric.pdf**
Criteria Ratings Points
Content 60 to >53 pts
Advanced
• All key elements of the
assignment are covered
thoroughly and in a
substantive way. Student
provides a
well-researched, fully
developed analysis of
each element of the
assignment.
• Content is thoroughly,
comprehensively,
accurate, and exhibits a
nuanced rather than
superficial understanding
of the terms and
concepts assigned.
• Major points are stated
clearly and are supported
by appropriate
professional and
scholarly literature and/or
logic. Student employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and
evaluation of assigned
terms and concepts.
53 to >41 pts
Proficient
• Most key elements of
the assignment are
covered and in a
substantive way. Student
provides a mostly
developed analysis of
each element of the
assignment.
• Most content is
comprehensively,
accurate, and exhibits an
adequate understanding
of the terms and concepts
assigned.
• Most points are
adequately stated and are
supported by appropriate
professional and scholarly
literature and/or logic.
Student mostly employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and
evaluation of assigned
terms and concepts.
41 to >0 pts
Developing
• Inadequate coverage of
key elements of the
assignment. Student
inadequately provides an
analysis of each element of
the assignment.
• Content is inadequate
and not presented
comprehensively,
accurately, or with
adequate understanding of
the terms and concepts
assigned.
• Major points are
inadequately stated and
are not supported by
appropriate professional
and scholarly literature
and/or logic. Student
inadequately employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and evaluation
of assigned terms and
concepts.
0 pts
Not
Present
60 pts
Research 40 to >35 pts
Advanced
• Includes meaningful
and thorough use of
source material and
analytical reasoning to
elaborate upon the topics
or themes.
• Research is thorough
and timely for the topic.
• Thoroughly includes
the required quality and
quantity of cited sources
to support positions. The
context and purpose of
the writing is thorough
and clear.
35 to >27 pts
Proficient
• Mostly includes
meaningful and adequate
use of source material
and analytical reasoning
to elaborate upon the
topics or themes.
• Research is adequate
and timely for the topic.
• Adequately includes the
required quality and
quantity of cited sources
to support positions. The
context and purpose of
the writing is adequate
and clear.
27 to >0 pts
Developing
• Includes inadequate use
of source material and
applies very little analytical
reasoning to elaborate
upon the topics or themes.
• Research is inadequate
and not timely for the topic.
• Inadequately includes
cited sources to support
positions. The context and
purpose of the writing is
inadequate and vague.
0 pts
Not
Present
40 pts
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
Criteria Ratings Points
Development 15 to >13 pts
Advanced
• The introduction
provides sufficient and
thorough background on
the topic and previews
major points.
• Ideas flow in a logical
and thorough sequence.
• Paragraph transitions
are both present,
thorough, and logical,
and direct the flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is organized into
a discussion flowing
thoroughly from
concept/term to
concept/term and
includes sufficient
introductory, conclusory,
and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper, rather than mere a
list of terms.
13 to >10 pts
Proficient
• The introduction
provides sufficient and
adequate background on
the topic and previews
major points.
• Most ideas flow in a
logical and adequate
sequence.
• Paragraph transitions
are mostly present,
adequately and logically
directing the flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is mostly
organized into a
discussion flowing from
concept/term to
concept/term and
includes adequate
introductory, conclusory,
and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper, rather than mere a
list of terms.
10 to >0 pts
Developing
• The introduction
inadequately provides
background on the topic
and previews major points.
• Ideas do not flow in an
adequate sequence.
• Paragraph transitions are
inadequately presented
and lack a direct flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is not organized
into a discussion and
inadequately flows from
concept/term to
concept/term and presents
inadequate introductory,
conclusory, and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper.
0 pts
Not
Present
15 pts
Format &
APA
20 to >17 pts
Advanced
• The paper includes title
page, reference page.
• The reference page(s)
contain(s) complete,
properly formatted
citations in current APA
format for all support
utilized (at least 5
sources).
• The paper follows
current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is written in
12-pt Times New Roman
font and has 1” margins.
The work is original,
giving credit to all
borrowed ideas and
quotations.
17 to >13 pts
Proficient
• The paper includes title
page, reference page.
• The reference page(s)
contain(s) mostly
complete, properly
formatted citations in
current APA format for all
support utilized (at least 5
sources).
• The paper follows
current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is mostly
written in 12-pt Times
New Roman font and has
1” margins. The work is
mostly original, giving
credit to all borrowed
ideas.
13 to >0 pts
Developing
• The paper does not
include title page, reference
page.
• The reference page(s)
is/are incomplete,
improperly formatted
citations.
• The paper does not
follow current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is not written
in 12-pt Times New Roman
font and lacks 1” margins.
The work is not original and
lacks giving credit to all
borrowed ideas.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
Criteria Ratings Points
Grammar &
Spelling
20 to >17 pts
Advanced
• Rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation
are followed.
• Spelling is correct.
• Sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise.
• Sentences are
well-constructed with
consistently strong and
varied structure.
• Sentence transitions
are present and direct the
flow of thought.
• Words used are precise
and unambiguous.
• The paper employs
authoritative, persuasive,
statesmanlike voice.
17 to >13 pts
Proficient
• Most rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation
are followed.
• Most spelling is correct.
• Most sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise.
• Most sentences are
well-constructed with
consistently strong and
varied structure.
• Most sentence
transitions are present
and direct the flow of
thought.
• Most words used are
precise and
unambiguous.
• The paper mostly
employs authoritative,
persuasive, statesmanlike
voice.
13 to >0 pts
Developing
• Rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation are
inadequately followed.
• Major spelling errors exist
throughout.
• Many sentences are
incomplete, unclear, and
are not concise.
• Many sentences are
poorly-constructed and lack
strong and varied structure.
• Few sentence transitions
are present.
• Many words used are
ambiguous.
• The paper poorly
employs authoritative,
persuasive, statesmanlike
voice.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Page Length 10 to >8 pts
Advanced
8-10 double-spaced
pages of content (not
including title page,
reference page[s], and
any appendices).
8 to >6 pts
Proficient
One page less than the
required page length.
6 to >0 pts
Developing
More than one page less
than the required page
length.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Total Points: 165
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
**EBSCO-FullText-03_27_20262.pdf**
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**CONTINUING_THE_SEARCH_FOR_A_TH.pdf**
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**Line-ItemObjectCodeBudgeting_26_03_27_10_49_11.pdf**
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**PlanningProgrammingBudgetingSystemPPBSFormat_26_03_27_10_49_42.pdf**
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**PerformanceBudgeting_26_03_27_10_50_44.pdf**
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**## EBSCO-FullText-03_27_2026.pdf**
Copyright of Public Administration Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be
copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
**## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentInstructions.docx**
PADM 702
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Instructions**
**Overview**
The public budgets match expenditures of assets and services with receipts of public money, such as taxes and fees
**.** If a budget does not balance, services need to be cut, taxes need to be raised, or money needs to be borrowed. Different budgeting formats allow for the review of revenues and expenditures.
**Instructions**
For this assignment
_you will analyze:_
· The Impact of the following three types of budgets:
· Impact of Line-Item Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· Impact of Program Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· Impact of Performance Budgeting on the budgetary process. How does it work and what is its impact (advantages/disadvantages)?
· The impact of two political, economic, and social constraints on the budgetary process
To successfully complete this assignment, please refer to the
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Guide.** _Using the outline is designed to clarify the assignment by breaking it into component parts so it can be dealt with systematically_. It will assure that the specifications of the assignment are met and will improve the quality of your report. A doctoral level course requires
_description and analysis_ **.** While descriptions certainly are the precursor to analyses, they are not the analyses.
The text of this research paper must be 8-10-pages (not including title page, reference page, and any appendices). This paper must be in current APA format with 1-inch margins and 12-pt Times New Roman font. You must also include a title page and reference page. You must include citations to a sufficient number of appropriate professional, scholarly, or other appropriate sources to fully support your assertions and conclusions (which will likely require more than the minimum number of citations); each paper must include a minimum of 5 sources, not including the course textbooks, assigned readings, and the Bible.
_Plagiarism in any form is strictly prohibited and may result in failure of the assignment, failure of the course, and/or removal from the program. It is your responsibility to ensure that you fully understand what constitutes the various forms of plagiarism and to avoid all forms of plagiarism._ As you may be aware, each report is automatically checked for plagiarism.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
**## ResearchPaperTypesofBudgetsAssignmentGuide.docx**
PADM 702
**Research Paper: Types of Budgets Assignment Guide**
**Outline**
Keep in mind that the budget is noun; it is a financial plan. Budgeting is a verb; iut is a process. Your analysis should address the impact (effect) on the process, not the impact on the plan (budget).
| |
| — |
| Use the <br>**bolded statements** as headings in your paper<br>**.** |
**I**.
**Executive Summary** (Limit to a page or less). It is not an introduction; it is a summary
of the findings. Write this section last.
| |
| — |
| An Executive Summary should:<br>· Summarize the impact of Line-Item Budgets, Program Budgets, and Performance Budgets on the budgetary process.<br>· Summarize the impact of the two selected constraints on the budgetary process. |
**II. Impacts of the Three Types of Budgets on the Budgetary Process**
·
**Impact of Line-Item Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact(advantages/disadvantages) line-item budgeting has on the budgeting process.
·
**Impact of Program Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact (advantages/disadvantages) program budgeting has on the budgeting process.
·
**Impact of Performance Budgets on the Budgetary Process**. Describe the impact (advantages/disadvantages) performance budgeting has on the budgeting process.
**III.** **Impact of Two Political and/or Economic Constraints on the Budgetary Process**
Address in depth
**two** of the following three
**constraints** listed below.
· Fiscal constraints.
· Economic constraints.
· Political constraints.
**Be specific**. You must specify exactly which constraining factor you are analyzing.
Fiscal constraints include factors such as monetary policy, supply-side policy, and money supply.
**If analyzing** fiscal
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
Economic constraints include wages, interest rates, inefficiencies within the micro-economy, a rapidly growing or declining population, lack of financial capital, lack of human capital, and trade barriers.
**If analyzing** economic
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
Political constraints include tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, technology, and disruptive innovations.
**If analyzing** political
**constraints, select one and analyze its impact on the budgetary process.**
**Use a heading for each of the two specific constraints you selected**. For example:
**Impact of Monetary Policy on the Budgetary Process.**
Each constraint impacts the budgetary process based on its intent, goals, objectives, etc. They cannot be treated as a single entity for analytical purposes.
| |
| — |
| _Using the outline is designed to clarify the assignment by breaking it into parts so it can be dealt with systematically_. It will assure that the assignment specifications are met and will improve the quality of your report. |
**## ResearchPaperGradingRubric.pdf**
Criteria Ratings Points
Content 60 to >53 pts
Advanced
• All key elements of the
assignment are covered
thoroughly and in a
substantive way. Student
provides a
well-researched, fully
developed analysis of
each element of the
assignment.
• Content is thoroughly,
comprehensively,
accurate, and exhibits a
nuanced rather than
superficial understanding
of the terms and
concepts assigned.
• Major points are stated
clearly and are supported
by appropriate
professional and
scholarly literature and/or
logic. Student employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and
evaluation of assigned
terms and concepts.
53 to >41 pts
Proficient
• Most key elements of
the assignment are
covered and in a
substantive way. Student
provides a mostly
developed analysis of
each element of the
assignment.
• Most content is
comprehensively,
accurate, and exhibits an
adequate understanding
of the terms and concepts
assigned.
• Most points are
adequately stated and are
supported by appropriate
professional and scholarly
literature and/or logic.
Student mostly employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and
evaluation of assigned
terms and concepts.
41 to >0 pts
Developing
• Inadequate coverage of
key elements of the
assignment. Student
inadequately provides an
analysis of each element of
the assignment.
• Content is inadequate
and not presented
comprehensively,
accurately, or with
adequate understanding of
the terms and concepts
assigned.
• Major points are
inadequately stated and
are not supported by
appropriate professional
and scholarly literature
and/or logic. Student
inadequately employs
sound, reasoned
discussion, description,
explanation, and evaluation
of assigned terms and
concepts.
0 pts
Not
Present
60 pts
Research 40 to >35 pts
Advanced
• Includes meaningful
and thorough use of
source material and
analytical reasoning to
elaborate upon the topics
or themes.
• Research is thorough
and timely for the topic.
• Thoroughly includes
the required quality and
quantity of cited sources
to support positions. The
context and purpose of
the writing is thorough
and clear.
35 to >27 pts
Proficient
• Mostly includes
meaningful and adequate
use of source material
and analytical reasoning
to elaborate upon the
topics or themes.
• Research is adequate
and timely for the topic.
• Adequately includes the
required quality and
quantity of cited sources
to support positions. The
context and purpose of
the writing is adequate
and clear.
27 to >0 pts
Developing
• Includes inadequate use
of source material and
applies very little analytical
reasoning to elaborate
upon the topics or themes.
• Research is inadequate
and not timely for the topic.
• Inadequately includes
cited sources to support
positions. The context and
purpose of the writing is
inadequate and vague.
0 pts
Not
Present
40 pts
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
Criteria Ratings Points
Development 15 to >13 pts
Advanced
• The introduction
provides sufficient and
thorough background on
the topic and previews
major points.
• Ideas flow in a logical
and thorough sequence.
• Paragraph transitions
are both present,
thorough, and logical,
and direct the flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is organized into
a discussion flowing
thoroughly from
concept/term to
concept/term and
includes sufficient
introductory, conclusory,
and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper, rather than mere a
list of terms.
13 to >10 pts
Proficient
• The introduction
provides sufficient and
adequate background on
the topic and previews
major points.
• Most ideas flow in a
logical and adequate
sequence.
• Paragraph transitions
are mostly present,
adequately and logically
directing the flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is mostly
organized into a
discussion flowing from
concept/term to
concept/term and
includes adequate
introductory, conclusory,
and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper, rather than mere a
list of terms.
10 to >0 pts
Developing
• The introduction
inadequately provides
background on the topic
and previews major points.
• Ideas do not flow in an
adequate sequence.
• Paragraph transitions are
inadequately presented
and lack a direct flow of
thought throughout the
paper.
• Paper is not organized
into a discussion and
inadequately flows from
concept/term to
concept/term and presents
inadequate introductory,
conclusory, and connecting
mechanics to make the
assignment a research
paper.
0 pts
Not
Present
15 pts
Format &
APA
20 to >17 pts
Advanced
• The paper includes title
page, reference page.
• The reference page(s)
contain(s) complete,
properly formatted
citations in current APA
format for all support
utilized (at least 5
sources).
• The paper follows
current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is written in
12-pt Times New Roman
font and has 1” margins.
The work is original,
giving credit to all
borrowed ideas and
quotations.
17 to >13 pts
Proficient
• The paper includes title
page, reference page.
• The reference page(s)
contain(s) mostly
complete, properly
formatted citations in
current APA format for all
support utilized (at least 5
sources).
• The paper follows
current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is mostly
written in 12-pt Times
New Roman font and has
1” margins. The work is
mostly original, giving
credit to all borrowed
ideas.
13 to >0 pts
Developing
• The paper does not
include title page, reference
page.
• The reference page(s)
is/are incomplete,
improperly formatted
citations.
• The paper does not
follow current APA format
guidelines.
• The paper is not written
in 12-pt Times New Roman
font and lacks 1” margins.
The work is not original and
lacks giving credit to all
borrowed ideas.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
Criteria Ratings Points
Grammar &
Spelling
20 to >17 pts
Advanced
• Rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation
are followed.
• Spelling is correct.
• Sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise.
• Sentences are
well-constructed with
consistently strong and
varied structure.
• Sentence transitions
are present and direct the
flow of thought.
• Words used are precise
and unambiguous.
• The paper employs
authoritative, persuasive,
statesmanlike voice.
17 to >13 pts
Proficient
• Most rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation
are followed.
• Most spelling is correct.
• Most sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise.
• Most sentences are
well-constructed with
consistently strong and
varied structure.
• Most sentence
transitions are present
and direct the flow of
thought.
• Most words used are
precise and
unambiguous.
• The paper mostly
employs authoritative,
persuasive, statesmanlike
voice.
13 to >0 pts
Developing
• Rules of grammar,
usage, and punctuation are
inadequately followed.
• Major spelling errors exist
throughout.
• Many sentences are
incomplete, unclear, and
are not concise.
• Many sentences are
poorly-constructed and lack
strong and varied structure.
• Few sentence transitions
are present.
• Many words used are
ambiguous.
• The paper poorly
employs authoritative,
persuasive, statesmanlike
voice.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Page Length 10 to >8 pts
Advanced
8-10 double-spaced
pages of content (not
including title page,
reference page[s], and
any appendices).
8 to >6 pts
Proficient
One page less than the
required page length.
6 to >0 pts
Developing
More than one page less
than the required page
length.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Total Points: 165
Research Paper Grading Rubric | PADM702_D03_202620
**EBSCO-FullText-03_27_20262.pdf**
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**CONTINUING_THE_SEARCH_FOR_A_TH.pdf**
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**Line-ItemObjectCodeBudgeting_26_03_27_10_49_11.pdf**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/line-itemobjectcodebudgeting-26-03-27-10-49-11-pdf)
**PlanningProgrammingBudgetingSystemPPBSFormat_26_03_27_10_49_42.pdf**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/planningprogrammingbudgetingsystemppbsformat-26-03-27-10-49-42-pdf)
**PerformanceBudgeting_26_03_27_10_50_44.pdf**
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