➤ Why does missing insulin lead to ketoacidosis?
Missing insulin stops cellular glucose uptake and raises counter‑regulatory hormones like glucagon, cortisol, and catecholamines. These hormones drive lipolysis and conversion of free fatty acids to ketone bodies, producing metabolic acidosis. Hyperglycemia also causes osmotic diuresis, volume depletion, and potassium shifts that worsen the clinical picture.
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