Define and discuss the following terms, Actus Reus, Mens Rea, Assault, Battery, Burglary, Criminal…

Define and discuss the following terms, Actus Reus, Mens Rea, Assault, Battery, Burglary, Criminal Mischief, Embezzlement, Theft, False Imprisonment, Battery and Sexual Battery.
Actus Reus
The physical element of a crime: a voluntary act, an omission when there is a legal duty to act, or a state of affairs that the law criminalizes. Actus reus requires a meaningful external conduct (or prohibited omission) and may include causation (the act must cause the harmful result). For liability the act must generally be voluntary and contemporaneous with the required mental state.
Mens Rea
The mental element or guilty mind required for many crimes. Common levels include: purpose/intent (aim or objective), knowledge (awareness of the result or circumstances), recklessness (conscious disregard of substantial risk), and negligence (failure to be aware of a substantial risk that a reasonable person would have perceived). Specific statutes may require a particular mens rea; some offenses are strict liability and do not require mens rea.
Assault
An act that creates a reasonable apprehension in another person of imminent harmful or offensive contact. Assault may be an attempted battery or an act plus the present ability to carry it out. It is primarily about the victim’s reasonable fear or expectation of imminent harm rather than actual physical contact.
Battery
The unlawful and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person, committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly (depending on jurisdiction). Battery is the completed contact offense (whereas assault often covers the threat or attempt). Elements typically include harmful/offensive touching and lack of consent.
Burglary
Unlawful entry into a building or structure (often at night in common-law definitions) with the intent to commit a felony or theft inside. Modern statutes vary: burglary can occur any time of day and may cover entry by deception or remaining after permission has expired; intent to commit a crime inside at the time of entry is usually required.
Criminal Mischief
Offenses involving wrongful damage to, destruction of, or interference with another’s property. Elements typically include an act that damages property and the requisite mental state (intent, recklessness, or sometimes negligence). Severity (misdemeanor vs felony) often depends on the value of damage and other aggravating factors.
Embezzlement
The fraudulent conversion or appropriation of property by a person who was entrusted with lawful possession of that property (e.g., an employee or fiduciary). Distinct from theft/larceny because the initial possession is lawful; the crime is the misuse or conversion of that lawful possession for personal benefit.
Theft
The unlawful taking or appropriation of another’s property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it. Common-law larceny and statutory theft include elements of taking, carrying away (asportation), and intent to permanently deprive; modern statutes consolidate many property offenses under broad theft provisions and grade offenses by value or type of property.
False Imprisonment
The unlawful restraint or confinement of a person without consent and without legal authority. Confinement can be by physical force, threats of force, or other means (e.g., locking a door); the restraint must be nonconsensual and substantial, and the victim must be aware of the confinement or harmed by it.
Sexual Battery
Nonconsensual sexual touching or penetration that meets the statutory definition of sexual battery or sexual assault in a jurisdiction. Key elements include sexual nature of the contact, lack of consent (or incapacity to consent due to age, intoxication, or mental condition), and often use of force, threat, or coercion. Statutory definitions and required elements vary by jurisdiction.