Scoliosis (general)
Definition: A lateral curvature of the spine with vertebral rotation, typically defined as a Cobb angle ≥ 10° on radiograph.
Assessment
History: onset, progression, pain, family history, neurologic symptoms.
Physical exam: inspection for shoulder/hip asymmetry, trunk shift, limb-length discrepancy.
Adam forward bend test to reveal rib hump or lumbar prominence; use of a scoliometer for angle of trunk rotation.
Neurological exam to detect deficits suggesting atypical causes.
Imaging: standing PA spinal radiograph with Cobb angle measurement; MRI if atypical findings or neurologic signs.
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