Provide examples of tribal organizations appropriated and nonappropriated funds. Cite intext references and citations of most recent references with citations of sources.
Examples — Appropriated Funds (federal appropriations awarded to tribes or tribal organizations)
Indian Health Service (IHS) program funding provided to Tribal Health Organizations under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA); tribes may operate health programs using federal appropriations through compacts and contracts (IHS, 2023). Reference: IHS Tribal Self-Governance and ISDEAA contracting/compacting (IHS, 2023).
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) funding for tribal government operations, social services, and public safety provided via annual Congressional appropriations administered by the Department of the Interior (DOI/BIA, 2024).
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Indian Housing Block Grant (IHBG) funds awarded to tribal housing authorities for housing and community development (HUD Office of Native American Programs, 2023).
Federal grant awards to tribes from other federal agencies (e.g., Department of Education tribal grants, EPA tribal environmental grants) funded by Congressional appropriations and administered as grants or cooperative agreements to tribal organizations (DOE/EPA grant program pages, 2022–2024).
In-text examples: (IHS, 2023); (DOI/BIA, 2024); (HUD ONAP, 2023).
Examples — Nonappropriated Funds (tribal self-generated or non-federal revenues)
Tribal gaming enterprise revenues generated under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) used by tribal governments and tribal enterprises to fund tribal services, enterprises, and trust investments (NIGC, 2023).
Revenues from tribal enterprises such as hospitality, hotels, casinos, retail, and utilities owned by tribal economic development corporations — for example, Cherokee Nation Businesses (a wholly owned tribal enterprise) uses non-federal enterprise revenues to finance operations and investments (Cherokee Nation Businesses, 2023).
Lease and fee income from tribal land leases, natural resource development agreements (e.g., energy leases or mineral royalties where tribes receive direct revenues), and service fees collected by tribally owned businesses; these are tribe-generated (nonappropriated) funds used at tribal discretion according to tribal law and budget priorities (NCAI tribal economy resources, 2022–2023).
Tribal general funds composed of internally generated revenue (enterprise profits, fees, investments) maintained and managed by the tribe rather than funds appropriated by Congress (examples described in tribal financial management/GAAP resources and tribal annual financial reports).
In-text examples: (NIGC, 2023); (Cherokee Nation Businesses, 2023); (NCAI, 2022).
Key distinctions (brief)
Appropriated funds: money authorized and provided by Congressional appropriations and administered by federal agencies to tribes (often subject to federal statutes, program rules, and reporting requirements) (DOI/BIA; IHS; HUD).
Nonappropriated funds: revenues generated by tribes themselves (enterprise income, fees, leases, royalties) and retained under tribal control for tribal use, investment, or enterprise operations (tribal economic development documentation; tribal annual reports).
References
Indian Health Service (IHS). “Tribal Self-Governance.” Indian Health Service. https://www.ihs.gov/tribalselfgovernance/ (IHS program & ISDEAA contracting/compacting information). (Accessed 2023)
U.S. Department of the Interior — Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). BIA Budget and program pages. https://www.bia.gov/ and DOI budget materials (information on BIA funding from Congressional appropriations). (Accessed 2024)
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). “Indian Housing Programs / Office of Native American Programs (ONAP).” https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/ih (Indian Housing Block Grant information). (Accessed 2023)
National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC). Tribal gaming revenue and data reports. https://www.nigc.gov/ (NIGC data and annual gaming revenue reports). (Accessed 2023)
Cherokee Nation / Cherokee Nation Businesses. Official tribal enterprise information and annual reporting. https://www.cherokeenation.com/ and https://www.cherokeenationbusinesses.com/ (examples of tribal-owned enterprise using nonappropriated revenue). (Accessed 2023)
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). Economic development and tribal economies resources. https://www.ncai.org/policy-issues/economic-development (background on tribal self-generated revenues and economic development). (Accessed 2022–2023)
U.S. Department of Education, EPA, and other federal agency tribal grant program pages for examples of appropriated grant funding administered to tribes (agency grant program pages). Sample links: https://www.ed.gov/, https://www.epa.gov/tribal (Accessed 2022–2024)
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