➤ How do expectancy, instrumentality, and valence work together?
Expectancy is the belief that effort will produce performance. Instrumentality is the perceived link from performance to reward. Valence is how much an individual values that reward. High motivation requires strong expectancy, clear instrumentality, and rewards with positive valence to encourage sustained effort toward goals.
Category: Management
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The idea that employees are motivated by their expectations, or estimates of chances for reward, is…
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The four criteria for determining strategic capabilities of resources are Valuable, Rarity/Rare,…
The four criteria for determining strategic capabilities of resources are Valuable, Rarity/Rare, Costly-to-imitate and Non-substitutability.
Group of answer choices
True
False -
The most difficult step to achieve in the process of branding is to:Cohesively communicate the…
The most difficult step to achieve in the process of branding is to:
Cohesively communicate the brand.
Create a brand identity.
Get feedback on branding.
Fulfill brand promises. -
Stakeholders are all the people who stand to gain or lose by the policies and ctivities of a…
Stakeholders are all the people who stand to gain or lose by the policies and ctivities of a business and whose concerns the business needs to address. Describe 10 of them.
Shareholders / Owners:
Provide capital and expect returns (dividends, capital growth); concerned with profitability, governance, and long-term value.
Employees:
Work for the organisation and depend on it for wages, benefits, job security and career development; concerned with working conditions and fair treatment.
Customers:
Purchase goods or services and seek value, quality, safety and reliable support; their satisfaction drives revenue and reputation.
Suppliers:
Provide inputs, materials or services; concerned with timely payments, long-term contracts, fair terms and stable demand.
Creditors / Lenders:
Extend loans or credit and expect repayment with interest; concerned with the company’s solvency, cash flow and risk management.
Government / Regulators:
Enforce laws, collect taxes and regulate industry practices; concerned with legal compliance, public policy goals and consumer protection.
Local Community:
Residents and local institutions affected by the business’s operations; concerned with employment opportunities, environmental impact and community development.
Trade Unions:
Represent employees’ collective interests; concerned with wages, working conditions, bargaining rights and dispute resolution.
Business Partners / Allies:
Joint venture partners, distributors or strategic collaborators; concerned with mutual benefits, shared risks and aligned objectives.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) & Interest Groups:
Advocate for social, environmental or ethical issues; concerned with the company’s social responsibility, sustainability and ethical conduct. -
The consumers who adopt a new product in the earliest stage of a product life cycle are…
The consumers who adopt a new product in the earliest stage of a product life cycle are called
Multiple Choice
laggards
early majority
innovators
early adopters
late majority -
The primary facility operations focus 15 :on the movement and storage of product.on inventory…
The primary facility operations focus 15 :
on the movement and storage of product.
on inventory control and personnel issues.
in making sure KPIs are fulfilled.
the WMS system. -
The primary goal of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is to establish foreign trade standards among…
The primary goal of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is to establish foreign trade standards among the fifty (50) states of the United States of America.A. TrueB. False
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The greatest bardle to coordination in the supply chain is the belief of the part of one stage that…
➤ Why does perceived inequitable benefit sharing hinder supply chain coordination?
When partners believe benefits are not shared equitably, they reduce cooperation and increase self‑protective behavior. They limit data sharing, reject joint inventory investments, and prioritize short‑term margins. These reactions raise costs, amplify the bullwhip effect, and undermine initiatives like vendor‑managed inventory and collaborative forecasting. -
Theis the difference between the current level of performance and the desired level…
Theis the difference between the current level of performance and the desired level ofperformance.performance gapzone of improvementperformance disparityperformance variance
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The basic premise of just-in-time inventory islarge volumes of inventory are availablemany workers…
The basic premise of just-in-time inventory islarge volumes of inventory are availablemany workers manage many itemsobsolescence is acceptedminimum inventory is kept on hand